20th Century

In 1935 during Japanese rule, Tainan Airport was proposed by the Tainan Prefecture government due to the need for civil transportation in southern Taiwan. The airport was opened on June 26, 1937, with regular flights to Matsuyama Airport (modern-day Taipei Songshan Airport) operated by Japan Air Transport. After World War II broke out, this airport was converted to a base for the Tainan Air Group. During the war this airport was named Eineisho Airport by the United States Armed Forces, to distinguish it from two other, smaller airports located in what is nowadays known as Yongkang and Gueiren District.

After the Republic of China government took over Taiwan, this airport was handed over to the Republic of China Air Force while still maintaining civil flights. Between 1955 and 1979 the United States Air Force was stationed at this airport, once equipped with tactical nuclear weapons on F-4 aircraft from Clark AB with pilots from Clark's 405th Fighter Wing on alert. From 12 March - 1966 to 31 July 1974.

The 12th Fighter-Bomber Squadron Deployed from Kadena Air Base, Okinawa, to Tainan Air Base, from 27 January – 19 February 1955, 3 September – 30 November 1955, equipped with North American F-86 Sabre, 3 March to 2 April 1955, 26th Fighter-Interceptor Squadron was also deployed from Naha Air Base, Okinawa, to Tainan Air Base.

In November 1956, the 336th Fighter-Day Squadron Deployed from Kadena Air Base, Okinawa, to Tainan AB.

On 20 October 1957, the USAF 6200th Air Base Wing (also known as the Tainan Air Base Group) was activated to support the 7th Tactical Missile Squadron (later redesignated the 868th Tactical Missile Squadron which was coming from the CONUS. Lieutenant colonel Carl C. Lee became the first commander of the Tainan Air Base Group.

Another redesignation on 18 August 1958 changed the unit's name to the 6214th Air Base Group). On 1958, the A Company of the 802nd Engineer Aviation Battalion, US Army Corps of Engineers was deployed to Tainan Air Force Base for infrastructure work, construction of new base buildings, and laying of new concrete runways.

The 868th Tactical Missile Squadron was stationed here from 1958 to 1962, which operated MGM-1 Matadors, probably under the ultimate control of the United States Taiwan Defense Command. On 7 April 1965, the 552d Airborne Early Warning and Control Wing dispatched a Flight from McClellan Air Force Base, California to Tainan Air Base. From 8 February 1966, the 6214th Air Base Group changed the unit's name to the 6214th Combat Support Group.

From 20 November 1965, the 523rd Tactical Fighter Squadron of the 405th Fighter Wing maintained a Detachment at Tainan Air Base (Initially equipped with F-100D Super Sabre, converted to F-4D Phantom II in 1970).

The following are the units that the 405th Fighter Wing once stationed the detachment at Tainan Air Base in Taiwan：

523rd Tactical Fighter Squadron (Tail Code: PN) (20 November 1965 – 31 August 1973) (F-100D, F-4D)

90th Tactical Fighter Squadron (Tail Code: PN) (31 August 1973 – 31 July 1974) (F-4)

The 405th Fighter Wing of the U.S. Air Force sent units of the 510th Fighter Squadron equipped with F-100D Super Sabre fighters to Tainan Air Base from December 1959 to August 1967. On 13 May 1966 – 21 July 1966, the VMFA-314 and VMFA-323 of the US Marine Corps Fighter/Attack Squadrons in MCAS Iwakuni, Japan were Temporary duty assignment (TDY) to Tainan Air Base. They were supported logistically by the 6214th Combat Support Group in support of the 327th Air Division.

From 10 June 1966 - 15 December 1969, the 509th Fighter-Interceptor Squadron deployed F-102As Detachment from Clark Air Base, Philippines to Tainan Air Base.

Air Asia Corporation, headquartered at this airport, prospered during the Vietnam War due to the need for aircraft maintenance by the United States Armed Forces. During the Cold War the United States deployed nuclear weapons on Taiwan. Nuclear weapons are known to have been stored at Tainan Air Force Base until their withdrawal was ordered in 1972.

On 31 August 1973, the F-4D Detachment of the 523rd Tactical Fighter Squadron withdrew from Tainan Air Base to Clark AB Philippines, and changed to the 90th Tactical Fighter Squadron deployed a detachment to Tainan, until 31 July 1974.

On 31 July 1974, the 6214th Combat Support Group changed name to the 6214th Air Base Group.

From 1 December 1974, the 6214th Air Base Group was reorganized to the 6214th Air Base Squadron, and Tainan AB had been placed in caretaker status.

On 31 May 1975, the 6214th Air Base Squadron was dissolved.

21st Century

Tainan Airport was the third busiest domestic airport after Taipei Songshan Airport and Kaohsiung Airport until the Taiwan High Speed Rail was opened. With passenger numbers dropping significantly, Far Eastern Air Transport suspended its service between Tainan Airport and Taipei Songshan Airport on 1 March 2008, ending the carrier's 50-year service history at Tainan Airport.