The airport was built by the United States Army during World War II, known as Santa Maria Army Air Field. Its primary mission was to provide training for B-25 bomber pilots, however flight training was abandoned by December 1942. The field fell into a state of disuse until the arrival of the Lockheed P-38 twin engine fighter in September 1943.

During its use by the military Santa Maria AAF also controlled Estrella Army Airfield, near Paso Robles as an auxiliary airfield to support the pilot training activity.

After the war Santa Barbara County and the city of Santa Maria acquired the land and facilities through two grants in 1948. In 1964 the Army Air Field was renamed Santa Maria Public Airport.

The Santa Maria Museum of Flight opened at the airport in 1988.

In 2020, the airport was again used for training by a fleet of military jets while Naval Air Station Point Mugu was performing maintenance on its airfield. The fleet consisted of six 1960 Hawker Hunters multi-role fighters and two 1970 IAI Kfir interceptors.

The Planes of Fame Air Museum announced plans to open a new location at the airport in 2023.

Past airline service

The first airline at Santa Maria was Pacific Seaboard Air Lines. In 1933 Pacific Seaboard scheduled two daily Bellanca CH-300s Los Angeles - Santa Barbara - Santa Maria - San Luis Obispo - Paso Robles - Monterey - Salinas - San Jose - San Francisco. After receiving a mail contract, Pacific Seaboard moved its entire operation to the eastern U.S. in 1934, be renamed Chicago and Southern Air Lines, and in 1953 was acquired by and merged into Delta Air Lines. Southwest Airways Douglas DC-3s began service during the 1940s. The June 1, 1947 timetable lists three daily round trips Los Angeles-Oxnard-Santa Barbara-Santa Maria-San Luis Obispo-Coalinga-Monterey-Santa Cruz/Watsonville-San Jose/Moffett Field-San Francisco. Southwest changed its name to Pacific Air Lines and operated Martin 4-0-4s and Fairchild F-27s to Santa Maria in the 1960s. Pacific merged with Bonanza Air Lines and West Coast Airlines to form Air West in 1968, which became Hughes Airwest in 1970. Hughes Airwest then served Santa Maria with McDonnell Douglas DC-9-30s and Fairchild F-27s. In 1974 and 1975 Hughes Airwest operated McDonnell Douglas DC-9 Series 30 jets to Los Angeles and San Francisco. This was the only time Santa Maria had nonstop mainline jets to LAX and SFO at the same time. DC-9 jet flights ended in 1976 and Hughes Airwest F-27 flights to Santa Maria ended in 1979.

A number of commuter airlines served the airport. In 1968 Cable Commuter Airlines was flying de Havilland Canada DHC-6 Twin Otters to LAX. Cable Commuter was later merged into Golden West Airlines but service to Santa Maria ended in the early 1970s. Golden West briefly returned to the airport in 1982 using Short 330 aircraft. Santa Barbara-based Apollo Airways (which later changed its name to Pacific Coast Airlines) flying Handley Page HP.137 Jetstreams served Santa Maria during the latter 1970's.

Swift Aire Lines, based at nearby San Luis Obispo Airport, served Santa Maria through most of the 1970s decade with flights to Los Angeles, San Francisco, and San Jose, mainly with new Fokker F27 Friendships. Swift Aire also previously operated Nord 262s and de Havilland Herons to the airport and then ended service in 1981.

Wings West Airlines began service as an independent commuter air carrier in 1982 and then began operating as American Eagle on behalf of American Airlines in 1986. The San Luis Obispo-based carrier flew to Los Angeles and San Francisco with Beechcraft C99s, Fairchild Swearingen Metroliners, BAe Jetstream 31s, and Saab 340s operated as code sharing flights for American. Service was discontinued service in 1996.

West Air began flying as United Express on behalf of United Airlines in 1986 to San Francisco and later to Los Angeles. West Air flew BAe Jetstream 31s and Embraer EMB-110 Bandeirantes. Mesa Airlines bought out West Air in 1992 and continued service as United Express until 1997. From 1993 through 1995 Mesa operated as CalPac using Beechcraft 1900Cs on its United Express service.

SkyWest Airlines began flights to Santa Maria in 1985 when it acquired Sun Aire Lines which had begun serving the airport in 1982. In 1986 SkyWest began a code sharing agreement with Western Airlines and began flying as Western Express. One year later Western Airlines merged into Delta Air Lines and SkyWest's flights then began operating as Delta Connection. The carrier flew Fairchild Swearingen Metroliners and Embraer EMB-120 Brasilias, mainly to Los Angeles. In 1997 SkyWest changed its service from operating as Delta Connection to operate as United Express on behalf of United Airlines (replacing Mesa Airlines) still with service nonstop to Los Angeles using Embraer EMB-120 Brasilias. Flights to LAX were discontinued in 2015 in favor of nonstop flights to SFO using Canadair regional jets; however, SkyWest operating as United Express ceased all operations at Santa Maria on October 5, 2016.

Mokulele Airlines Cessna 208 Caravans replaced the SkyWest/United Express service to Los Angeles (LAX).